HVAC Equations, Data, and Rules of Thumb /
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
?2016.
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| Edition: | 3rd edition. |
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| Online Access: | https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071829595 |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Part 1. Introduction
- 1.01 Background
- 1.02 Rules of Thumb
- 1.03 Codes and Standards
- Part 2. Definitions
- 2.01 General
- 2.02 Systems
- 2.03 Contract Documents
- 2.04 Contractors/Manufacturers/Authorities
- Part 3. Equations
- 3.01 Airside System Equations and Derivations
- 3.02 Waterside System Equations and Derivations
- 3.03 Air Change Rate Equations
- 3.04 English/Metric Airside System Equations Comparison
- 3.05 English/Metric Waterside System Equation Comparison
- 3.06 English/Metric Air Change Rate Equation Comparison
- 3.07 English/Metric Temperature and Other Conversions
- 3.08 Steam and Condensate Equations
- 3.09 Building Envelope Heating Equation and R-Values/U-Values
- 3.10 Fan Laws
- 3.11 Pump Laws
- 3.12 Pump Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) Calculations
- 3.13 Mixed Air Temperature
- 3.14 Psychrometric Equations
- 3.15 Ductwork Equations
- 3.16 Equations for Flat Oval Ductwork
- 3.17 Steel Pipe Equations
- 3.18 Steam and Steam Condensate Pipe Sizing Equations
- 3.19 Air Conditioning Condensate
- 3.20 Humidification
- 3.21 Humidifier Sensible Heat Gain
- 3.22 Expansion Tanks
- 3.23 Air Balance Equations
- 3.24 Efficiencies
- 3.25 Cooling Towers and Heat Exchangers
- 3.26 Cooling Tower/Evaporative Cooler Blowdown Equations
- 3.27 Electricity
- 3.28 Moisture Condensation on Glass
- 3.29 Calculating Heating Loads for Loading Docks, Heavily Used Vestibules and Similar Spaces
- 3.30 Ventilation of Mechanical Rooms with Refrigeration Equipment
- 3.31 Pipe Expansion Equations
- 3.32 Relief Valve Vent Line Maximum Length
- 3.33 Relief Valve Sizing
- 3.34 Motor Drive Formulas
- 3.35 Domestic Water Heater Sizing
- 3.36 Domestic Hot Water Recirculation Pump/Supply Sizing
- 3.37 Swimming Pools
- Part 4. Conversion Factors.
- 4.01 Length
- 4.02 Weight
- 4.03 Area
- 4.04 Volume
- 4.05 Velocity
- 4.06 Speed of Sound in Air
- 4.07 Pressure
- 4.08 Density
- 4.09 Energy
- 4.10 Flow
- 4.11 HVAC Metric Conversions
- 4.12 Fuel Conversion Factors
- Part 5. Cooling Load Rules of Thumb
- 5.01 Offices, Commercial
- 5.02 Banks, Court Houses, Municipal Buildings, Town Halls
- 5.03 Police Stations, Fire Stations, Post Offices
- 5.04 Precision Manufacturing
- 5.05 Computer Rooms
- 5.06 Restaurants
- 5.07 Kitchens (Depends Primarily on Kitchen Equipment)
- 5.08 Cocktail Lounges, Bars, Taverns, Clubhouses, Nightclubs
- 5.09 Hospital Patient Rooms, Nursing Home Patient Rooms
- 5.10 Buildings w/100 percent OA Systems (e.g., Laboratories, Hospitals)
- 5.11 Medical/Dental Centers, Clinics, and Offices
- 5.12 Residential
- 5.13 Apartments (Eff., One-Room, Two-Room)
- 5.14 Motel and Hotel Public Spaces
- 5.15 Motel and Hotel Guest Rooms, Dormitories
- 5.16 School Classrooms
- 5.17 Dining Halls, Lunch Rooms, Cafeterias, Luncheonettes
- 5.18 Libraries, Museums
- 5.19 Retail, Department Stores
- 5.20 Drug, Shoe, Dress, Jewelry, Beauty, Barber, and Other Shops
- 5.21 Supermarkets
- 5.22 Malls, Shopping Centers
- 5.23 Jails
- 5.24 Auditoriums, Theaters
- 5.25 Churches
- 5.26 Bowling Alleys
- 5.27 All Spaces
- 5.28 Cooling Load Calculation Procedure
- 5.29 Cooling Load Peak Time Estimate (for Calculating Cooling Loads by Hand)
- Part 6. Heating Load Rules of Thumb
- 6.01 All Buildings and Spaces
- 6.02 Buildings w/100 Percent OA Systems (i.e., Laboratories, Hospitals)
- 6.03 Buildings w/Ample Insulation, Few Windows
- 6.04 Buildings w/Limited Insulation, Many Windows.
- 6.05 Walls Below Grade (Heat Loss at Outside Air Design Condition)
- 6.06 Floors Below Grade (Heat Loss at Outside Air Design Condition)
- 6.07 Heating System Selection Guidelines
- 6.08 Heating Load Calculation Procedure
- Part 7. Infiltration Rules of Thumb
- 7.01 General
- 7.02 Heating Infiltration (15-mph wind)
- 7.03 Cooling Infiltration (7.5-mph wind)
- Part 8. Ventilation Rules of Thumb
- 8.01 2015 IMC and ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013
- 8.02 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013: Return Air, Transfer Air, or Exhaust Air Classifications
- 8.03 ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
- 8.04 ASHRAE Standard 170-2013 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities (incorporated as Part 4 of the 2014 Facility Guidelines Institute Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospitals and Outpatient Facilities)
- 8.05 Enclosed Parking Garages
- 8.06 Outside Air Intake and Exhaust Locations
- 8.07 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
- 8.08 Effects of Carbon Monoxide
- 8.09 Toilet Rooms
- 8.10 Electrical Rooms
- 8.11 Mechanical Rooms
- 8.12 Combustion Air
- 8.13 Hazardous Locations
- Part 9. Humidification Rules of Thumb
- 9.01 Window Types and Space Humidity Values
- 9.02 Proper Vapor Barriers
- 9.03 Human Comfort
- 9.04 Electrical Equipment, Computers
- 9.05 Winter Design Relative Humidities
- 9.06 Optimum Relative Humidity Ranges for Health
- 9.07 Moisture Condensation on Glass
- Part 10. People/Occupancy Rules of Thumb
- 10.1 2015 IMC and ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013
- Part 11. Lighting Rules of Thumb
- 11.01 Code Lighting Power Level Requirements?Building Area Method
- 11.02 Code Lighting Power Level Requirements?Space-by-Space Method
- Part 12. Appliance/Equipment Rules of Thumb.
- 12.01 Offices and Commercial Spaces
- 12.02 Computer Rooms, Data Centers, and Internet Host Sites
- 12.03 Telecommunication Rooms
- 12.04 Electrical Equipment Heat Gain
- 12.05 Motor Heat Gain
- 12.06 Miscellaneous Guidelines
- Part 13. Cooling Load Factors
- 13.01 Diversity Factors
- 13.02 Safety Factors
- 13.03 Cooling Load Factors
- Part 14. Heating Load Factors
- 14.01 Safety Factors
- 14.02 Heating Load Credits
- 14.03 Heating System Selection Guidelines
- Part 15. Design Conditions and Energy Conservation
- 15.01 Design Conditions
- 15.02 General Energy Conservation Requirements
- 15.03 2015 IECC
- 15.04 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013
- 15.05 ASHRAE Standard 90.2-2007
- Part 16 HVAC System Selection Criteria
- 16.01 HVAC System Selection Criteria
- 16.02 Heating System Selection Guidelines
- Part 17. Air Distribution Systems
- 17.01 Ductwork Systems
- 17.02 Duct Construction
- 17.03 Kitchen Exhaust Ducts and Hoods
- 17.04 Louvers
- 17.05 Volume Dampers (Manual or Balancing Dampers)/Motor Operated Dampers (Control Dampers)
- 17.06 Fire Dampers, Smoke Dampers, and Combination Fire/Smoke Dampers
- 17.07 HVAC Smoke Detection Systems Control
- 17.08 Sound Attenuators
- 17.09 Terminal Units
- 17.10 Process Exhaust Systems
- 17.11 Hazardous Exhaust Systems
- 17.12 Galvanized Rectangular Ductwork Weights?Pound per Lineal Foot
- 17.13 Galvanized Round Ductwork Weights?Pound per Lineal Foot
- 17.14 Galvanized Flat Oval Ductwork Weights?Pounds per Lineal Foot
- 17.15 Ductwork Cost Ratios
- 17.16 Friction Loss Correction Factors for Ducts
- 17.17 Velocity Pressures
- Part 18. Piping Systems, General
- 18.01 Piping Materials and Properties
- 18.02 Pipe Support and Pipe Spacing
- 18.03 Pipe Expansion
- 18.04 ASME B31 Piping Code Comparison
- 18.05 Galvanic Action
- 18.06 Piping System Installation Hierarchy (Easiest to Hardest to Install)
- 18.07 Valves
- 18.08 Strainers
- Part 19. Hydronic (Water) Piping Systems
- 19.01 Hydronic Pipe Sizing
- 19.02 Friction Loss Estimate.
- 19.03 Pipe Testing
- 19.04 Hydronic System Pipe Sizing Tables
- 19.05 Hydronic System Designs and Terminology
- 19.06 Hydronic System Design and Piping Installation Guidelines
- 19.07 Chilled Water Systems
- 19.08 Low-Temperature Chilled Water Systems (Glycol or Ice Water Systems)
- 19.09 Heating Water Systems General
- 19.10 Low-Temperature Heating Water Systems
- 19.11 Medium- and High-Temperature Heating Water Systems
- 19.12 Boiler Warming Techniques
- 19.13 Dual Temperature Water Systems
- 19.14 Condenser Water Systems
- 19.15 Water Source Heat Pump Loop
- 19.16 Hydronic System Equation Factors
- 19.17 Hydronic System Design Temperatures and Pressures
- 19.18 Piping Materials
- 19.19 Expansion Tanks and Air Separators
- Part 20. Glycol Piping Systems
- 20.01 Glycol System Piping
- 20.02 Glycol System Design Considerations
- 20.03 Glycol System Equation Factors and Derivations
- Part 21. Steam Piping Systems
- 21.01 Steam Piping Systems
- 21.02 Steam System Design Criteria
- 21.03 Steam Tables
- 21.04 Steam Flow through Orifices
- 21.05 Flash Steam
- 21.06 Warm-up Loads
- 21.07 Steam Operating Loads
- 21.08 Boiling Points of Water
- 21.09 Steam Heating Units of Measure
- 21.10 Low-Pressure Steam Pipe Sizing Tables (15 psig and Less)
- 21.11 Medium-Pressure Steam Pipe Sizing Tables (20?100 psig)
- Part 22. Steam Condensate Piping Systems
- 22.01 Steam Condensate Piping
- 22.02 Steam Condensate System Design Criteria
- 22.03 Low-Pressure Steam Condensate System Pipe Sizing Tables (15 psig and Less)
- 22.04 Medium-Pressure Steam Condensate System Pipe Sizing Tables (20?100 psig)
- Part 23. AC Condensate Piping
- 23.01 Air Conditioning (AC) Condensate Piping
- Part 24. Refrigerant Piping Sytems
- 24.01 Refrigerant Systems and Piping
- Part 25. Air Handling Units
- 25.01 Air Handling Units, Air Conditioning Units, Heat Pumps
- 25.02 Coils
- Part 26. Fans
- 26.01 Fan Types and Size Ranges
- 26.02 Fan Construction Classes
- 26.03 Fan Selection Criteria
- 26.04 Fan Terms
- 26.05 AMCA Spark Resistant Construction
- 26.06 Centrifugal Fans
- 26.07 Axial Fans
- 26.08 Installation and Clearance Requirements
- 26.09 Fan Rotation and Discharge Positions
- 26.10 Fan Motor Positions
- Part 27. Pumps
- 27.01 Pump Types and Size Ranges
- 27.02 Pump Layout and Design Criteria
- 27.03 Pump Selection Criteria
- 27.04 Pump Terms
- 27.05 Installation and Clearance Requirements
- Part 28. Chillers
- 28.01 Chiller Types and Manufacturer Offerings
- 28.02 Chiller Motor Types
- 28.03 Code Required Chiller Efficiencies.
- 28.04 Chiller Terms
- 28.05 Basic Refrigeration Cycle Terminology
- 28.06 Chiller Energy Saving Techniques
- 28.07 Cooler (Evaporator)/Chilled-Water System
- 28.08 Condenser/Condenser Water Systems
- 28.09 Chilled Water Storage Systems
- 28.10 Ice Storage Systems
- 28.11 Water-Cooled Condensers
- 28.12 Refrigerant Estimate?Split Systems
- 28.14 Chemical Feed Systems for Chillers. Chemical Feed Systems are Designed to Control the Following
- 28.15 Chiller Operating Sequence
- 28.16 Chiller Design, Layout, and Clearance Requirements/Considerations
- Part 29. Cooling Towers and Condensers
- 29.01 Cooling Tower Types (CTs)
- 29.02 Definitions
- 29.03 Condenser Water
- 29.04 Power
- 29.05 TONS[sub(COND)]
- 29.06 Condenser Water Makeup to Cooling Tower
- 29.07 Cooling Tower Drains
- 29.08 Cycles of Concentration
- 29.09 Evaporation
- 29.10 Drift
- 29.11 Blowdown or Bleed (Based on 108F Range)
- 29.12 Installation Location
- 29.13 Air-Cooled Condensers and Condensing Units (ACCs and ACCUs)
- 29.14 Evaporative Condensers and Condensing Units (ECs and ECUs)
- 29.15 Installation of CTs, ACCs, ACCUs, ECs, and ECUs
- Part 30. Heat Exchangers
- 30.01 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
- 30.02 Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers
- 30.03 Definitions
- 30.04 Clearance and Design Requirements
- Part 31. Boilers
- 31.01 Boilers, General
- 31.02 Hot Water Boilers
- 31.03 Steam Boilers
- 31.04 Fuel Systems and Types
- Part 32. Motors and Motor Controllers
- 32.01 Motors
- 32.02 Starters, Disconnect Switches, and Motor Control Centers
- 32.03 Variable Frequency Drives
- 32.04 NEMA Enclosures
- Part 33. Humidifiers
- 33.01 Humidifiers
- Part 34. Filters
- 34.01 Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV)
- 34.02 Flat or Panel Filters
- 34.03 Pleated Media Filters
- 34.04 Bag Filters
- 34.05 HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) Filters
- 34.06 ULPA (Ultra Low Penetrating Air) Filters
- 34.07 Roll Filters
- 34.08 Carbon Filters
- 34.09 Electronic Air Cleaners
- 34.10 Filter Characteristics
- Part 35. Insulation
- 35.01 Insulation Materials and Properties
- 35.02 Pipe Insulation
- 35.03 Duct Insulation
- 35.04 Insulation Protection.
- Part 36. Fire-Stopping and Through-Penetration Systems
- 36.01 Fire-Stopping and Through-Penetration Protection Systems
- Part 37. Makeup Water
- 37.01 Makeup Water Requirements
- Part 38. Water Treatment and Chemical Feed Systems
- 38.01 Water Treatment and Chemical Feed Systems
- 38.02 Closed System Chemical Treatment (Chilled-Water Systems, Heating Water Systems)
- 38.03 Open System Chemical Treatment (Condenser Water Systems)
- 38.04 Steam Systems
- Part 39. Automatic Controls Building Automation Systems
- 39.01 Automatic Controls and Building Automation Systems
- 39.02 Control Definitions
- 39.03 Types of Control Systems
- 39.04 Control System Objectives
- 39.05 Building Automation and Control Networks (BACnet)
- 39.06 Control Points List
- 39.07 DDC Control System Specification Outline
- Part 40. Sustainability Guidelines Relating to HVAC Systems
- 40.01 Introduction
- 40.02 Sustainable HVAC System Design
- Part 41. New Technologies for HVAC Systems
- 41.01 Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems
- 41.02 Variable Frequency Drives for Chillers
- 41.03 Magnetic Bearings for Centrifugal Compressors
- 41.04 Electronically-Commutated Motors (ECMs) for Fans and Pumps
- 41.05 New Technologies for Small Packaged Rooftop Units
- Part 42. Plastic Piping Systems
- 42.01 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX or XLPE)
- 42.02 Polypropylene (PP)
- 42.03 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- 42.04 Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (CPVC)
- 42.05 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Part 43. Noise and Vibration Control
- 43.01 Noise Control
- 43.02 Vibration Control
- 43.03 Sound Information
- Part 44. Building Construction Business Fundamentals
- 44.01 Engineering/Construction Contracts
- 44.02 Building Construction Business Players
- Part 45. Architectural, Structural, and Electrical Information
- 45.01 Ceiling Plenum Space Requirements
- 45.02 Building Structural Systems
- 45.03 Architectural and Structural Information
- 45.04 Electrical Information
- 45.05 Mechanical/Electrical Equipment Space Requirements
- 45.06 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- Part 46. Properties of Air
- 46.01 Thermodynamic Properties of Air/Water Vapor Mixtures
- Part 47. Properties of Water
- 47.01 Properties of Water?Effects on Standard HVAC Water Equations
- Part 48. Cleanroom Criteria
- 48.01 Airborne Contaminants
- 48.02 Cleanroom Class Designations: FED-STD-209E
- 48.03 Cleanroom Class Designations: ISO Standard 14644-1
- 48.04 Cleanroom Design Criteria
- Part 49. Wind Chill and Heat Index
- 49.01 Wind Chill Index
- 49.02 Heat Index
- Part 50. General Notes
- 50.01 General
- 50.02 Piping
- 50.03 Plumbing
- 50.04 HVAC/Sheet Metal
- 50.05 Fire Protection
- Part 51. Designer's Checklist
- 51.01 Boilers, Chillers, Cooling Towers, Heat Exchangers, and Other Central Plant Equipment
- 51.02 Air Handling Equipment?Makeup, Recirculation, and General Air Handling Equipment
- 51.03 Piping Systems?General
- 51.04 Steam and Condensate Piping
- 51.05 Low Temperature Hot Water and Dual Temperature Systems
- 51.06 Chilled Water and Condenser Water Systems
- 51.07 Air Systems.
- 51.08 Process Exhaust Systems
- 51.09 Refrigeration
- 51.10 Controls
- 51.11 Sanitary and Storm Water Systems
- 51.12 Domestic Water Systems
- 51.13 Fire Protection
- 51.14 Natural Gas Systems
- 51.15 Fuel Oil Systems
- 51.16 Laboratory and Medical Gas Systems
- 51.17 General
- 51.18 Architect and/or Owner Coordination
- 51.19 Structural Engineer Coordination
- 51.20 Electrical Engineer Coordination
- Part 52. Professional Societies and Trade Organizations
- 52.01 Professional Societies and Trade Organizations
- Part 53. References and Design Manuals
- 53.01 References and Design Manuals
- 53.02 Building Codes
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z.